Lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) represents a common knee injury, particularly among adolescent athletes, with recurrence rates as high as 30–50%. While initial management is typically nonoperative, many patients experience persistent pain, altered movement patterns, and limitations in returning to sport. This chapter synthesizes current evidence and clinical practice guidelines on rehabilitation and return to play (RTP) following patellar instability and stabilization procedures. Key themes include the importance of criteria-based rehabilitation, restoration of quadriceps activation, and correction of faulty body movement patterns such as dynamic valgus and quadriceps avoidance, and different strategies to address neuromuscular inhibition and psychological barriers, including fear of reinjury. We discuss the role of neurocognition in rehabilitation, proposing several strategies that involve external focus cueing and neurocognitive challenges to enhance motor learning. Advanced rehabilitation and RTP decision-making rely on a comprehensive battery of functional tests, psychological readiness assessments, and collaborative decision-making between clinicians, patients, and families. Although RTP rates after stabilization procedures are high, return to prior performance is often limited. A multifactorial, individualized, and progressive rehabilitation approach remains essential for optimizing outcomes in athletes with patellar instability.