Gender Incongruence

This chapter begins by providing an historical context, regarding the psychiatric classification of “gender diagnoses” and their placement in both the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It also reviews the diagnostic criteria for prepubescent children as well those for adolescents and adults that are subsumed under the ICD-11 diagnoses of Gender Incongruence (GI) and the DSM-5-TR diagnoses of Gender Dysphoria (GD). The recent removal of Gender Incongruence from the mental disorders section of ICD-11 is discussed. Treatment approaches for the two major diagnostic categories, children and adolescents/adults, are reviewed, and some of the international controversies surrounding the treatment of GI/GD with minors are also touched upon.