Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Intellectual Disability

The history of intellectual disability, also known as intellectual developmental disorders, (ID/IDD) is interwoven into the history of humanity and has been influenced by various sociological, political, psychological, philosophical, and economic factors. The study of ID/IDD is critical across the lifespan as it contributes to and influences nearly every aspect of development, function, health, and experience for individuals with ID/IDD. Furthermore, individuals with ID/IDD exhibit increased risk of comorbid physical and mental health concerns, and can impact diagnostic evaluation, communication, and care delivery, as well as treatment. The care of individuals with ID/IDD requires a thoughtful approach with unique knowledge, awareness of risk, and specialized approaches to assessment and management, highlighted in this chapter.