Depressive Disorders

This chapter covers a group of illnesses referred to as Depressive Disorders The title refers to a spectrum of conditions characterized by low mood, diminished interest and pleasure, low energy and self-attitude, sluggish cognition, disrupted sleep, appetite, and psychomotor functioning. Its most severe form, major depressive disorder, is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major risk factor for suicide. Dysthymic disorder, lower in severity but often more chronic, entails years of distress. Mixed depressive and anxiety disorder refers to those who present with symptoms of both anxiety and depression, which, like the other depressive disorders, may often first be diagnosed in a primary care setting. This chapter will review all aspects of the assessment, epidemiology, what is currently known about etiology and pathophysiology, course of illness, and current treatment recommendations.