Therapeutic Use of Dopamine Enhancers (Stimulants)

According to international guidelines, dopamine enhancers (stimulants) are recommended as the first-line pharmacologic treatment for ADHD. Their efficacy on ADHD core and related symptoms has been confirmed since the middle of last century and thousands of studies have been published so far on the topic. Within the present chapter, the molecular mechanism of action of dopamine enhancers as well as evidence of their efficacy, safety, and tolerability are discussed. Indications for their use in ADHD during childhood and adulthood as well as in comorbidities in particular sub-populations will be discussed. Other indications, including Binge Eating Disorder, Depression and Excessive Day Sleepiness in Narcolepsy for which dopamine enhancers have been approved or currently studied are also reported.