Facial Asymmetry Caused by Condylar Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia indicates the increased production and growth of normal cells in a tissue or organ without an increase in the size of the cells but the affected part becomes larger yet retains its basic form. Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a generic term describing conditions that cause excessive growth and enlargement of the mandibular condyle. There are a number of suggested etiologies of CH including neoplasia, trauma, infection, abnormal condylar loading, and aberrant growth factors. These condylar pathologies can adversely affect the size and morphology of the mandible, alter the occlusion, indirectly affect the maxilla, with resultant development or worsening of dentofacial deformities such as; mandibular prognathism, unilateral enlargement of the condyle, neck, ramus, and body; facial asymmetry; malocclusion; and pain. Some CH pathologies occur more commonly within particular age ranges and gender. Identifying the specific CH pathology will provide insight to: Its progression if untreated; the clinical, imaging, and histologic characteristics; as well as treatment protocols proven to eliminate the pathological processes and provide optimal functional and esthetic outcomes.