Wrongs of Woman, or Maria by Mary Wollstonecraft
摘要
Wollstonecraft’s final, fragmentary novella from 1798 is unfinished because the author died of complications from childbirth while she was writing it. The Wrongs of Woman, or Maria narrativizes the experiences of the eponymous protagonist, a middle-class woman who finds herself confined to an insane asylum by her nefarious husband, George Venables; he wishes to use her inherited wealth without her interference and punish her for attempting to abscond from the family home with their infant. In the asylum, Maria confides in Jemima, a keeper, and Darnford, a fellow inmate with whom Maria falls in love; Jemima and Darnford, in turn, share their stories, with Jemima’s story revealing a lower-class woman’s experience of sexual and physical violence in a patriarchal society—a perspective not often considered in feminist literature of the period. For the education of Maria’s baby daughter, from whom she is separated in the asylum, Maria writes the story of how she came to fall in love with Venables, marry him, and, even after he becomes a libertine and gambler, be pregnant by him. Only after he attempts to sell Maria to an associate for sex to repay his gambling debts does she refuse to remain in this degrading environment and leaves him, taking her baby. Wollstonecraft left several possible endings for the novella, a few of which feature Maria’s suicide attempts.