Peptic ulcer disease is a common condition, affecting between 5% and 10% of the population during their lifetime. It is characterized by tissue erosion along the gastrointestinal tract due to an imbalance between protective factors (such as the mucosa, prostaglandins, and bicarbonate) and damaging factors (such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and others). Conventional treatment includes the use of antisecretory medications, antibiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, mucosal cytoprotectors, prostaglandin analogs, and antacids. In addition to conventional therapies, there is evidence suggesting that the disease may also respond favorably to functional foods and phytoproducts (including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, chalcones, xanthones, anthocyanins, and capsaicinoids). In vivo experimental research on novel therapeutics for gastric ulcers commonly employs chemical (e.g., NSAIDs, ethanol, serotonin, histamine, reserpine, diethyldithiocarbamate, methylene blue, iron, and ascorbic acid), surgical (e.g., pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer), or stress-induced ulcer models to induce gastric damage. Among these, experimental models based on factors that reflect human lifestyle, such as ulcers induced by ethanol or NSAIDs, are preferred for the evaluation of new therapeutic agents.