Optogenetics has revolutionized the study of neurovascular and neurometabolic interactions by enabling precise, cell-type-specific manipulation of neuronal activity. This technique allows for dissecting the contributions of distinct neuronal populations to cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation and metabolic load. In this chapter, we outline key methodological considerations for optogenetic investigations into neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. We discuss the selection of optogenetic actuators, strategies for targeting excitatory and inhibitory neuronal subtypes using transgenic mice and viral vectors, and approaches for delivering optical stimulation in anesthetized and awake preparations. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of controlling for optical and hemodynamic artifacts, designing rigorous experimental controls, and selecting appropriate imaging modalities to assess vascular and metabolic responses. By integrating optogenetics with advanced imaging techniques, researchers can gain detailed mechanistic insight into neurovascular and neurometabolic dynamics underlying brain function in health and disease.