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This protocol describes a method for evaluating the adsorption of potentially toxic elements (PTE) onto engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Adsorption studies are performed in ultrapure water and in cell culture media, with or without serum supplementation, to assess both mechanistic interactions and biologically relevant behavior. The protocol includes preparation of ENM dispersions and PTE solutions, adsorption experiments (e.g., isotherm, kinetic, or pH-dependent studies), phase separation, and preparation for quantification analysis. The resulting data provide insight into ENM–PTE interactions and support the interpretation of in vitro co-exposure toxicity assessments. Quantification methods are not covered in this protocol and should be selected according to experimental needs.

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Adsorption of Potentially Toxic Elements onto Nanomaterials in Aqueous and Biological Media: Supporting Chemical Co-exposure Toxicity Assessment

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ana Teresa Reis,
  • João Paulo Teixeira,
  • Cláudia Batista Lopes

摘要

This protocol describes a method for evaluating the adsorption of potentially toxic elements (PTE) onto engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Adsorption studies are performed in ultrapure water and in cell culture media, with or without serum supplementation, to assess both mechanistic interactions and biologically relevant behavior. The protocol includes preparation of ENM dispersions and PTE solutions, adsorption experiments (e.g., isotherm, kinetic, or pH-dependent studies), phase separation, and preparation for quantification analysis. The resulting data provide insight into ENM–PTE interactions and support the interpretation of in vitro co-exposure toxicity assessments. Quantification methods are not covered in this protocol and should be selected according to experimental needs.