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The human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line has been frequently used for cellular inflammation studies and cancer research since it can be differentiated into macrophages and polarized into different functional subtypes. THP-1-derived macrophages are considered viable substitutes for primary monocyte-derived macrophages in many in vitro studies, including cancer research. Various experimental conditions have been reported for THP-1 differentiation and polarization. Here, we present a reproducible method of THP-1 differentiation and polarization into M1 and M2 macrophages based on commonly used stimulants and markers of differentiation.

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Differentiation and Polarization of THP-1 Cells into M1 and M2 Macrophages for Cancer Research

  • 实验方案

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Abeir Ahmed,
  • Patricia Rozario,
  • Yan Zhu

摘要

The human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line has been frequently used for cellular inflammation studies and cancer research since it can be differentiated into macrophages and polarized into different functional subtypes. THP-1-derived macrophages are considered viable substitutes for primary monocyte-derived macrophages in many in vitro studies, including cancer research. Various experimental conditions have been reported for THP-1 differentiation and polarization. Here, we present a reproducible method of THP-1 differentiation and polarization into M1 and M2 macrophages based on commonly used stimulants and markers of differentiation.