The study explores regenerative therapy for neuropathic pain, emphasizing cell-based approaches using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs). Neuropathic pain, caused by various factors, e.g., trauma, infection, autoimmune disease, side effect of drugs, and metabolic disorders, involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms like hyperexcitability of neurons and pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Traditional therapies have shown limited efficacy, necessitating innovative treatments. The research outlines methods for creating neuropathic pain models in rodents, specifically the spinal nerve transection (SNT) model. It details procedures for isolating MNCs, surgical techniques, and cell administration via intrathecal or onto-injection, which bypass systemic barriers and minimize additional neural injury. Behavioral and histological analyses are performed to evaluate pain and therapeutic effects, using tools such as thermal/mechanical stimulation devices, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR. Preliminary findings suggest that MNC transplantation can modulate inflammation and ion channel activity, addressing the multifaceted mechanisms of pain. Despite promising results, challenges such as optimizing delivery methods, ensuring safety, and determining cell sourcing (autologous or allogeneic) must be resolved before clinical application.