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With the availability of several probiotic strains in market, the exploration of new strains is growing rapidly. The careful assessment of virulence potential of food-related microbes is fundamental. Hence, it is important to validate the safety of these probiotic bacteria mainly in terms of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. One of the most important parameters for safety assessment is the presence of virulence factors. The host–microbe interaction is an important phenomenon to understand the complexity of virulence trait which may be inactive or downregulated in the absence of host and thus remain undetected. Therefore, appropriate in vivo models are required to understand the host associated trigger for virulence.

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In Vivo Determination of Virulence

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ruma Raghuvanshi,
  • Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi

摘要

With the availability of several probiotic strains in market, the exploration of new strains is growing rapidly. The careful assessment of virulence potential of food-related microbes is fundamental. Hence, it is important to validate the safety of these probiotic bacteria mainly in terms of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. One of the most important parameters for safety assessment is the presence of virulence factors. The host–microbe interaction is an important phenomenon to understand the complexity of virulence trait which may be inactive or downregulated in the absence of host and thus remain undetected. Therefore, appropriate in vivo models are required to understand the host associated trigger for virulence.