Cranial irradiation is a primary treatment modality for forestalling the growth of primary and secondary brain malignancies. While treatment of oligo metastasis has evolved toward highly precise and targeted stereotactic radiotherapy, the doses and volumes treated are still at the limit of normal brain tolerance, and the resultant impairments span a range of learning and memory and higher-order cognitive functions that adversely impact quality of life. To advance our understanding of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction and to select interventions designed to ameliorate such deficits, behavioral testing in rodents is an indispensable tool that provides critical readouts on the functionality of the brain. Over the years, a multitude of tasks have been developed, refined, and validated that inform on the extent of the specific stressors that impact locomotion, coordination, social interaction, anxiety, depression, and learning and memory. The focus of this chapter will be on cognitive function, in part because this represents the most consequential complaint of brain tumor survivors who suffer from treatment-associated neurocognitive decline.