Food waste, with approximately 931 million tons produced annually worldwide, poses a significant environmental and economic concern, with improper disposal contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (8–10%) and resource wastage (freshwater (25%) and agricultural land (28%)). Thermochemical processes offer a sustainable pathway for converting food waste into valuable energy products, aligning with the circular economy principles. This chapter explores the potential of thermochemical processes including pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization recovery of energy from food wastes. The influencing parameters such as feedstock composition, feedstock concentration, operating conditions (temperature, steam flow rate, gas flow rate, and residence time) are critically analyzed. Moreover, it highlights the role of catalysts and the integration of the thermochemical process with other techniques (plasma process and microbial system) in enhancing energy recovery efficiency. Additionally, there has been discussion on the possible use of by-products (biochar and bio-oil) from gasification for efficient valorization. Overall, this chapter offers insights into scalable and environmentally friendly energy recovery applications for mitigating the food waste crisis.