This chapter explores the potential of food waste as a resource for the sustainable production of green biofuels through advanced biorefinery processes. It begins with an introduction to the environmental and economic challenges posed by food waste, while emphasizing the significance of sustainable biofuel production in addressing these issues. The composition of food waste is examined, alongside various pretreatment methods such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical approaches that prepare the waste for biofuel production. The chapter delves into microbial conversion processes, highlighting the use of yeast and algae in biofuel production, particularly through fermentation and anaerobic digestion. It presents an integrated biorefinery approach, illustrating how combining fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and chemical conversion can optimize biofuel yield. Detailed discussions follow on the production of biofuels like biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas, exploring production techniques, challenges, and optimization strategies to improve efficiency. Sustainability plays a central role in this chapter, where the environmental impact of food waste biorefining is analyzed, with a focus on circular economy principles. Case studies from different global regions demonstrate the practical application of food waste biorefineries, showcasing their success and scalability. The chapter also considers future trends, including technological advancements, emerging feedstocks, and the research directions that could shape the next generation of biofuels. In conclusion, the chapter synthesizes the key findings from the various biorefinery protocols discussed, offering a comprehensive outlook on the future of food waste valorization and its contribution to sustainable biofuels. This chapter aims to provide insights into the practical and theoretical aspects of biorefining food waste and its transformative potential for the biofuel industry.