The escalating global energy demand, coupled with environmental and regulatory principles governing the use of fossil fuels have intensified the need to uncover sustainable and clean energy alternatives. Food waste, which forms significant portion of global waste, has emerged as promising biomass for generating eco-friendly bioenergy through advanced biorefinery technologies. This chapter offers a comprehensive evaluation of the diverse biorefinery techniques employed to convert food waste into valuable bioenergy products, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas. It delves into significant biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies, including anaerobic digestion, fermentation, transesterification, and pyrolysis with emphasis on their essential mechanisms and efficiencies in bioenergy production from food waste (FW). Important physical and biochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affecting the process, biofuel yields, and quality are also discussed. It also, further investigates the ecological and fiscal ramifications of incorporating biorefinery technologies within contemporary waste management systems, emphasizing their significance in alleviating greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a circular bioeconomy. Through a comprehensive examination, this chapter seeks to promote the advancement of sustainable biofuel generation using food waste.