Methods of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil
摘要
Essential oils (EOs) are valuable natural products traditionally extracted using methods like hydrodistillation, steam distillation, solvent extraction, and cold pressing. Among emerging techniques, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has gained significant attention for EO extraction due to its efficiency and eco-friendly approach. UAE utilizes ultrasonic waves to create cavitation, which disrupts plant cell walls, enhancing mass transfer and facilitating the release of EOs. The method offers advantages such as reduced extraction time, lower energy consumption, improved EO yield, and higher quality compared to conventional methods. The effectiveness of UAE depends on critical parameters like ultrasonic frequency (20–40 kHz), power (100–500 W), solvent type, temperature (25–60 °C), and extraction time (10–60 min). This chapter provides an overview of the principles of UAE, design and instrumentation of UAE systems, and optimization strategies for enhancing extraction efficiency.