Drug delivery systems integrate pharmacology, material science, and biomedical engineering to improve therapeutic outcomes by targeting specific sites within the body. Historically, traditional methods like oral and parenteral administration faced challenges with non-specific distribution and side effects. Modern advancements, such as controlled release and nanoscale delivery vehicles, have enhanced drug bioavailability and reduced adverse effects. The introduction of AI and ML has revolutionized drug delivery by enabling predictive modeling and personalized medicine. These technologies optimize drug dosing, enhance pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, and address inter-individual variability in drug response. Future innovations involve smart drug delivery systems and real-time adjustments based on patient-specific data, moving toward adaptive and responsive therapeutic strategies.