Genetic diseases pose significant threats to human health, prompting the rapid emergence of gene therapy as a potential solution. This innovative approach utilizes viral and non-viral particles to transport DNA or RNA into target cells, offering promising treatment avenues for conditions like cancer and genetic disorders. However, the development of these particles is complex and time-consuming, often resulting in limited yields of high-quality products. Ensuring the superiority of gene delivery systems requires meticulous assessment of various factors, including particle quantification, characteristics, purity, potency, safety, and stability. Gene therapy revolves around modifying or replacing faulty genes responsible for diseases with healthy ones. Advances in molecular biology, particularly genetic engineering, have facilitated easier manipulation of genes. Genes serve dual functions: directing protein synthesis and regulating protein production. Alterations in genes can lead to dysfunctional proteins, causing diseases. Gene therapy aims to rectify this imbalance by inserting normal genes to compensate for abnormal ones or by selectively reversing mutations. Diseases like cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and diabetes are potential targets for gene therapy. By repairing faulty genes at the molecular level, this approach holds immense promise for treating various disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Effective gene delivery systems are crucial for this endeavor, necessitating a thorough understanding of the interaction between targeting cells and delivery systems.