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As apricot kernels and seeds are generated as waste from apricot processing and consumption, their utilization in oil extraction and other suitable applications greatly depends on their physical and structural behavior toward the processing technique used or implemented. The physical and mechanical properties of apricot seeds/kernels include size measurement, which can be carried out using digital Vernier calipers; mass measurement, using a digital weighing balance; arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, using size measurements; and sphericity of the kernels, using the geometric mean diameter. The color measurement of apricot seeds/kernels can be done using a Hunter Lab colorimeter and the textural characteristics using a texture analyzer. The flow properties of apricot seeds/kernels can be measured using the concept of the angle of repose and the frictional reaction of the seeds/kernels to various surfaces using the principle of the coefficient of static friction. The chemical composition analysis of apricot seeds/kernels includes moisture analysis using the standard gravimetric method, ash content estimation using the muffle furnace method, fat estimation using Soxhlet extraction and direct solvent extraction, protein content determination using the Kjeldahl method, carbohydrate content assessment using the anthrone spectrophotometric assay, and total phenol content quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structural properties of the apricot seeds/kernels envelope microstructure estimation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), density measurement using the toluene displacement method, and porosity measurement using the true and bulk densities of the apricot seed/kernel samples. Therefore, the tests depicted in this chapter focus on understanding the multiple physical, chemical, and structural properties of apricot kernels/seeds. The results of these tests can be applied during apricot seed/kernel processing to study the reaction of the particular raw material to a unit operation. The discussed parameters can certainly aid in evaluating and selecting or building an appropriate processing line for optimum output.

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Methods for the Determination of the Physical and Structural Properties of Apricot Seeds and Kernels

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Shubham Singh Patel,
  • Aarti Bains,
  • Prince Chawla

摘要

As apricot kernels and seeds are generated as waste from apricot processing and consumption, their utilization in oil extraction and other suitable applications greatly depends on their physical and structural behavior toward the processing technique used or implemented. The physical and mechanical properties of apricot seeds/kernels include size measurement, which can be carried out using digital Vernier calipers; mass measurement, using a digital weighing balance; arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, using size measurements; and sphericity of the kernels, using the geometric mean diameter. The color measurement of apricot seeds/kernels can be done using a Hunter Lab colorimeter and the textural characteristics using a texture analyzer. The flow properties of apricot seeds/kernels can be measured using the concept of the angle of repose and the frictional reaction of the seeds/kernels to various surfaces using the principle of the coefficient of static friction. The chemical composition analysis of apricot seeds/kernels includes moisture analysis using the standard gravimetric method, ash content estimation using the muffle furnace method, fat estimation using Soxhlet extraction and direct solvent extraction, protein content determination using the Kjeldahl method, carbohydrate content assessment using the anthrone spectrophotometric assay, and total phenol content quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structural properties of the apricot seeds/kernels envelope microstructure estimation using scanning electron microscope (SEM), density measurement using the toluene displacement method, and porosity measurement using the true and bulk densities of the apricot seed/kernel samples. Therefore, the tests depicted in this chapter focus on understanding the multiple physical, chemical, and structural properties of apricot kernels/seeds. The results of these tests can be applied during apricot seed/kernel processing to study the reaction of the particular raw material to a unit operation. The discussed parameters can certainly aid in evaluating and selecting or building an appropriate processing line for optimum output.