Emotion prediction in general is a very complex research field. In order to predict emotions, it is important to understand the theoretical background and the factors influencing this procedure. The prediction of emotions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) furthermore adds another level of complexity. This includes the experimental setting and additional influence factors. This work summarizes the methodological background of emotions and how to predict these. Additionally, the required fMRI background is provided, particularly the theoretical knowledge needed to create a suitable experiment. For both parts some challenges and the respective solutions are provided.