Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a powerful optical sensing technology that offers real-time, label-free detection of biomolecular interactions, making it a promising tool for viral detection in plants. Plant viruses pose a significant threat to agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and economic losses worldwide. Conventional methods of viral detection, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are time-consuming and often require complex sample preparation and specialized equipment. In contrast, SPR provides a rapid and sensitive alternative by directly monitoring the interactions between viral particles and specific biomolecular probes immobilized on a sensor chip. This study explores the application of SPR for detecting various plant viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus Y (PVY), by using specific antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. We demonstrate that SPR can achieve high sensitivity and specificity, detecting viral concentrations as low as a few picograms per milliliter. Furthermore, the integration of microfluidic systems with SPR enhances its potential for high-throughput screening of plant samples. The findings highlight the versatility and efficiency of SPR as a diagnostic tool, paving the way for its implementation in agricultural biotechnology to monitor and control viral infections in crops, thereby ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural practices.