The body composition examination and somatotype of the athlete show the complex interaction between genetics, physiological and metabolic requirements of their sport, nutrition, and physical activity. The assessment is crucial to evaluating the distribution of fat, muscle, bone, and other components of an athlete’s body along with their somatotype. In the field of sports, these can detect the athletic potential of a particular sport, along with the tactical, physical, and functional factors, and it helps the sports scientists and coaches to form an individual athlete-specific training routine that helps to improve performance, minimize the risk of injury, and increase the recovery. Here, we will describe the different procedures of body composition and somatotype examination, like skinfold measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bioelectrical impedance, and how these assessments can impact athletes of other sports, providing practical guidelines for sports scientists, coaches, and athletes.