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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder caused by liver failure or chronic liver diseases, and its pathophysiology is currently being debated. The majority of the clues acquired about the pathophysiology of HE come from various preclinical and animal studies. HE is a striking example of a disorder that affects the vital organs of the gut-liver-brain axis. This chapter introduces animal models of HE and describes some of the most applied techniques for investigating pathological alterations in the key implicated organs (brain, liver, and intestines) in these models. Researchers with a background in cirrhosis, liver failure, cerebral edema, or HE may skip this chapter.

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Specialized Established Techniques for Assessing Multiorgan Damages at Different Levels of the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Experimental Animal Models of Hepatic Encephalopathy

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ali Sepehrinezhad,
  • Ali Shahbazi

摘要

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder caused by liver failure or chronic liver diseases, and its pathophysiology is currently being debated. The majority of the clues acquired about the pathophysiology of HE come from various preclinical and animal studies. HE is a striking example of a disorder that affects the vital organs of the gut-liver-brain axis. This chapter introduces animal models of HE and describes some of the most applied techniques for investigating pathological alterations in the key implicated organs (brain, liver, and intestines) in these models. Researchers with a background in cirrhosis, liver failure, cerebral edema, or HE may skip this chapter.