Lignans have garnered significant interest in various fields of pharmaceuticals, nutrition, and pesticides due to their diverse biological activities. This chapter primarily focuses on the extraction and purification methods of lignans from Schisandra, followed by an extensive examination of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, methods for structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are briefly summarized. The chapter also details approaches for determining the relative and absolute composition of lignan compounds, with illustrative examples provided.