FRAP Assay to Trace Lipid Mixing of the Inner and Outer Leaflet of Yeast Vacuoles: Assessing the Fusion State in Live Cells
摘要
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) can be employed to investigate membrane lipid mixing of vacuoles in live budding yeast cells and distinguish the fused, hemi-fused or non-fused states of these organelles under physiological conditions. Here, we describe a protocol for labeling the outer and inner leaflets of vacuoles in live cells that allow to detect hemifusion intermediates and, thus, identify components necessary for fusion pore opening.