RNA is a substance with various biological functions. It serves as blueprint for proteins and shuttles information from the genes to the protein factories of the cells. However, these factories—the ribosomes—are also composed mainly of RNA, whose purpose is not storing information but enzymatic action. In addition, there is a cornucopia of RNA molecules within our cells that form a complex regulatory network, connected with all aspects of cellular development and maintenance. These non-coding RNAs can be used for diagnostics and therapeutic strategies in cancer. In this chapter we give an overview of recent developments in non-coding RNA-based diagnostics and therapies for cutaneous melanoma. It is not meant to be comprehensive; however, it describes examples based on some of the most recent publications in this field.