Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Stem cell research is advancing rapidly, with diverse data converging to reshape our understanding of fundamental cell biology. While the precise definition of a stem cell may be established, its functional roles remain debated. This chapter focuses on cells within the dental pulp that exhibit stem cell characteristics. While an initial focus is on the cellular composition of adult human dental pulp, the primary emphasis will be on dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (DPSCs). Significant features of DPSCs are being discussed especially about the high proliferation rates and clonogenicity, multipotency, self-renewal, immunomodulatory properties, and paracrine effects. Additionally, the niche concept within dental pulp and the location of stem cells within this niche are explored. Importantly, the chapter explores the application of epigenetic regulation to DPSCs, despite its intricate mechanisms. The chapter highlights the potential of naturally exfoliated deciduous teeth as a valuable source of stem cells, despite their small volume. Finally, the chapter discusses the potential of DPSCs to repair the dentin-pulp complex.