Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The discovery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in dental pulp over two decades ago sparked optimism for revolutionary dental treatments. Despite extensive research centered on this easily accessible tissue, clinical applications of stem cell therapies have yet to materialize. This chapter offers a historical and critical analysis of MSCs, delving into their identity by tracing the evolution from non-hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow stroma to their subsequent isolation. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges posed by inconsistent terminology and functional characterization of MSCs, as well as underlying conceptual issues. The chapter underscores the unambiguous contrast between the wealth of research and the paucity of clinical treatments, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to propel the field forward. To bridge the chasm between laboratory discoveries and patient care, a comprehensive examination of the hurdles impeding the translation of these promising findings into practical dental therapies is essential.