Comprehensive Analysis of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Hull Phenolics by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Pistachio hull, the by-product of pistachio processing, is a plant source rich in phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities that may promote human health. Here, we describe the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based procedure for comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds from pistachio hull. The analytical approach encompasses sample preparation, phenolic extraction, HPLC separation, DAD and MS detections, data analysis, and interpretation. Additionally, method validation parameters are presented, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the analytical process. The described methodology enables quantitative determination of a wide range of phenolic compounds from pistachio hull, including flavonoids, anacardic acids, and gallotannins.