Conventional and Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Clean-Up Approaches for the Simultaneous Analysis of Tetracyclines and Sulfonamides in a Variety of Fresh Vegetables
摘要
The extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture has led to the occurrence of residual pharmaceuticals in various vegetables frequently consumed by humans, posing a potential threat to human health due to possible effects after ingestion and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Herein, we describe two accurate sample preparation procedures for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamides (SAs) and tetracyclines (TCs) in several fresh vegetables including lettuce, onion, tomato, and carrot. The analytical methods are based on an extraction using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), a subsequent clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) or dispersive SPE (dSPE), and the analysis of the extracts by means of liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS).