Miniaturized Extraction Method Based on Bead Beating Tissuelyser for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in Seafood

Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) are considered pseudo-persistent contaminants because their removal and/or degradation surpass their continue introduction into the environment, mainly by the direct discharge of wastewater treatment plant effluents. Thus, aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to these contaminants, having the potential to bioaccumulate them, which might pose a risk to food safety. The extraction of PhACs from seafood matrices is a challenging task, either due to the complexity of those matrices or, sometimes, to the limited amount of sample available. Here, a miniaturized extraction method based on bead beating tissuelyser is described to extract 69 PhACs and some of their human metabolites from seafood matrices, such as fish, bivalves, and gastropods, which are then analyzed by LC-MS/MS.