SEM: Sample Preparation, Fixation, and Staining of Protists

The ultrastructure and morphology of the protist can be studied using high-resolution electron microscope, i.e., scanning electron microscope (SEM). One of the greatest advantages of using scanning electron microscope is that observation is possible without any complicated pre-treatment that includes drying sample or coating of sample with metal. Additionally, the findings allow specialists to document details about the 3D structure of protists. With this aim, this chapter describes the procedure pertaining to sample preparation, fixation, and staining of the protists.