A Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Western Diet and Carbon Tetrachloride

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity is a known risk factor of NASH, which, in turn, increases the risk of developing cirrhosis (liver scarring) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition to being a potentially life-threatening condition, public health concerns surrounding NASH are amplified by the lack of FDA-approved treatments. Although various preclinical models reflecting both the histopathology and the pathophysiological progression of human NASH exist, most of these models are diet-based and require 6–13 months for NASH symptom manifestation. Here, we describe a simple and rapid-progression model of NASH and NASH-driven HCC in mice. Mice received a western diet equivalent (WD; i.e., a high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diet), high-sugar water (23.1 g/L fructose and 18.9 g/L glucose), and weekly intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 0.2 μL/g of body weight. The resulting phenotype, consisting in liver fibrosis and HCC, appeared within 24 weeks of diet/treatment initiation and presented similar histological and transcriptomic features as human NASH and NASH-driven HCC, thereby supporting the adequacy of this preclinical model for the development and evaluation of drugs that can prevent or reverse these diseases.