Monochromatic Arithmetic Progressions or Life After Van der Waerden’ Proof

And there was light: Issai Schur – who else – produced the first spark, a generalization of the Baudet–Schur–Van der Waerden Theorem. In fact, his result generalizes both, the Schur and the Baudet–Schur–Van der Waerden Theorems. With all the search engines of today’s Internet, one would be hard pressed to find it, for it does not appear in any Schur’s paper: This most modest man gave it to his former student Alfred Brauer to publish!