Preparation of Postbiotics from Streptomyces sp.

The discovery of new antibiotics expects the discovery of novel metabolites from diverse sources. In spite of recent advancements in identification of new natural products, the genus Streptomyces of Actinobacteria still remains the largest producer of unique and novel secondary metabolites, also named as postbiotics. Still, the genus is suggested to be capable of producing more than 150,000 compounds than the existing Streptomyces metabolites. As the search widens, apart from the usual terrestrial soils, Streptomyces sp. has been isolated from diverse environments in the recent years, including marine sediments, deep sea, symbionts, deserts, caves, brines, mangroves, etc. Modern bioinformatic tools such as metagenomics and transcriptomics pave way to identify novel genes and clusters in the species. Yet, isolation of postbiotics manually in the laboratory from novel Streptomyces sp. provides us insights into their potentiality and applicability in various fields such as medicine, industry, environment, agriculture, and biotechnology. This chapter discusses the steps to isolate postbiotics from Streptomyces sp.