Antiviral Activity of Postbiotics

Probiotics have a number of positive impacts, including regulating immunological responses, activating the immune system, and preserving homeostasis and the balance of gut microbes. Probiotics have many positive benefits for animal and human health, which has led to the development of a wide variety of probiotic agents. Probiotics have been shown to have antiviral properties, which include modulating immunological, microbial, chemical, and physical barriers through a variety of probiotics, probiotic metabolites, and host signaling pathways. This chapter details the methods that can be used to identify the antiviral activity of postbiotics against viruses. These include toxicity of the test postbiotic compounds assessed by MTT, maintenance of cell lines, determination of the infectivity of the virus, and antiviral assays. These protocols are used for the evaluation of postbiotics that can be carried out by a single individual in Category 2 + or 3 containment laboratories.