This chapter aims to bridge the gap between two fundamental topics in medical entomology—vector surveillance and vector competence—often seen as distinct areas of study. This perceived separation likely stems from the misconception that surveillance falls within the domain of field entomologists, while vector competence is primarily the focus of laboratory-based researchers. Here, we emphasize the necessity of integrating these two fields, highlighting the importance of monitoring the susceptibility of natural Aedes aegypti populations to dengue virus (DENV) and other arboviruses. By incorporating vector competence assessments into surveillance strategies, researchers and public health authorities can improve their ability to evaluate outbreak risks and predict the potential for new epidemics. This integrated approach can enhance early warning systems and inform more effective vector control interventions.