From Single Stem Cells to an In Vitro Model of the Post-implantation Human Embryo: A Step-by-Step Guide
摘要
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) modeling of post-implantation human embryos using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have revolutionized our ability to investigate this crucial yet enigmatic stage of development. Here we detail the generation of the human extra-embryoid (hEE), a 3D stem cell-based embryo model that uniquely captures key spatiotemporal events of peri-gastrulation development through the formation and co-development of post-implantation embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, with high efficiency and robustness across genetic backgrounds. This chapter provides a detailed protocol for generating hEEs in vitro, including guidance on hPSC maintenance, expected cell morphology, troubleshooting strategies, and key culture techniques.