Induction of Human Extraembryonic Mesoderm Cells from Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human extraembryonic mesoderm (EXM) is an important tissue in the postimplantation embryo which is specified before gastrulation in primates but not in rodents. EXM is mesenchymal and plays an important role in embryogenesis, including early erythropoiesis, and provides mechanical support to the developing embryo. Recently, it has been shown that self-renewing extraembryonic mesoderm cells (EXMCs) can be modeled in vitro by using human naive pluripotent stem cells. Here, we present a detailed step-by-step protocol to induce EXMCs from naive pluripotent stem cells in vitro.