Nucleic Acids Production

Nucleic acid drugs are emerging as a powerful therapeutic class, with a growing number of approved biotherapeutics demonstrating their potential. However, their transition from treating rare diseases to more common afflictions presents new challenges in production scalability and environmental impact. This chapter explores current oligonucleotide production techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and ongoing efforts to overcome the latter. Additionally, it discusses the structural modifications required for oligonucleotide biotherapeutics and how to achieve them using available synthetic methods.