Fused thiophenes are highly privileged scaffolds within sulfur heterocycles, widely utilized in pharmacological chemistry and material science. The integration of photoinduced strategies into synthetic chemistry has recently enhanced the efficiency and mildness of synthesizing and modifying fused thiophenes. This book chapter summarizes representative and recent advancements in the photocatalytic synthesis and functionalization of fused thiophenes over the past decade, focusing on photocatalytic cyclization, direct coupling with simple fused thiophenes, and diverse functionalization of thianthrenium salts in these processes.