Electrochemical Heterocyclic Ring-Formation Reactions by Making C–N and N–N Bonds

Nitrogen heterocycles are widely found as structural motifs in pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), natural products, reagents, or other high value-added products. Electrochemistry as a modern synthesis technique, considering in particular its sustainable and environmentally friendly aspects, has enhanced the toolbox of organic chemists. Electrochemical [3 + 2]-cycloadditions, cyclization of electrochemically generated amidyl radicals and analogous moieties, and cathodic nitro reduction of nitroarenes with subsequent cyclo-condensation are reactivities in heterocycle synthesis proven to have synthetic potential through their application in several reported electro-organic protocols.