Iron-Catalyzed Functionalization of Heterocycles Through C─H Activation

Strategic direct C─H functionalization of heterocycles is a cutting-edge approach for crafting and modifying diverse bio-relevant molecules featuring heterocyclic frameworks. A particularly noteworthy aspect is the utilization of iron, the most abundant transition metal, as a catalyst, which amplifies the cost-effectiveness and enhances the sustainability of this synthetic pathway. Recent advancements in iron-catalyzed reactions have unveiled significant progress in the direct functionalization of heterocycles, underscoring the potential for continued innovation and refinement in this pivotal area of chemical science. This chapter discusses the advancement in the C–H bond functionalization of various heterocycles by catalysts based on earth-abundant transition metal iron. The chapter is divided into different sections based on the type of functionalization, and each section is discussed based on the kinds of heterocycles.