The rapid advancement of technology and consumer electronics has resulted in a concerning increase in electronic garbage (e-waste) and wasted plastics, posing significant environmental and public health issues. This chapter examines the ecological ramifications of inadequate e-waste disposal and plastic pollution, highlighting their enduring threat to ecosystems and human health. E-waste comprises hazardous materials, including lead, mercury, and flame retardants, which infiltrate soil and water sources, while nonbiodegradable plastics amass in landfills and oceans, jeopardizing species and polluting food chains. Notwithstanding governmental interventions, inadequate waste management systems and subpar recycling rates persist in exacerbating the situation. The chapter assesses sustainable mitigation solutions, encompassing extended producer responsibility (EPR), advanced recycling technologies, and circular economy frameworks. Through the examination of international best practices and policy deficiencies, it underscores the pressing necessity for enhanced legislation, corporate responsibility, and consumer awareness to mitigate pollution.