Potential Application of Reclaimed Wastewater in Building Materials
摘要
This chapter investigates the feasibility of utilizing reclaimed wastewater in construction materials and processes, emphasizing both technical performance and sustainability advantages. It presents an overview of water scarcity and pollution challenges that drive wastewater reuse, followed by an evaluation of treated wastewater applications in concrete production, brick manufacturing, dust suppression, and soil compaction. Laboratory and field studies demonstrate that properly treated reclaimed water can partially or fully substitute potable water in the mixing and curing of concrete and mortar, achieving comparable strength and durability. The incorporation of dried wastewater sludge into fired clay bricks has resulted in significantly higher compressive strength than traditional bricks, while also reducing energy consumption in brick kilns by up to 50% due to the organic content of biosolids. Utilizing reclaimed water for dust control and soil compaction can conserve substantial freshwater, reduce costs by over 50%, and enhance eco-efficiency although careful monitoring of salinity and contaminants is necessary. Environmental and health considerations, such as pathogen removal, heavy metal leaching, and soil salinization, are discussed alongside policy frameworks. The chapter reviews global regulations and best practices that facilitate safe non-potable reuse, noting that clear standards, risk management plans, and public acceptance are crucial for scaling these innovations. Overall, integrating reclaimed wastewater into building materials offers a promising pathway to conserve freshwater, valorize waste streams, and advance sustainable construction, provided that robust treatment and regulatory oversight are implemented.