The alarming global trend of increasing electronic and plastic waste represents a significant environmental and public health risk. These waste streams contain hazardous substances that persist in the environment and human body and are health-threatening upon exposure. Risk routes of exposure like inhalation of toxic gases in open-burning practices, inadvertent ingestion, and absorption through food, water, and skin can result in a variety of harmful health disorders such as endocrine disruption, impaired neurological development, respiratory diseases, reproductive diseases, immune deficiencies, and risk of increasing incidence of cancers. The informal recycling hubs located in developing countries were most notable, with a need for more preventive care in processing the waste stream and regulated oversight of both legal and illegal practices involving waste. It represents a global overview of human health effects that can result from chronic and often uncontrolled and unregulated exposure to electronic and plastic wastes, highlighting vulnerable populations of children, informal workers, and communities near the sites of dumping and informal recycling activity. This chapter covers troubling trends, like microplastics entering the food chain and global inequity in waste burden that results from exporting waste across borders. It calls for urgent system redesign, particularly in legal frameworks under international conventions, such as the Basel Convention, and improvements in the monitoring and enforcement of extended producer responsibility (EPR) as well as investment in environmentally sustainable recycling and circular economy solutions. To protect the global human health of future generations, viable solutions must emerge, and the field of science and technology must come together with international cooperation and ethical accountability, in governing the entirety of the life cycle of electronics and plastics.