Microplastics are ubiquitous, universal environmental pollutants to which humans are inevitably exposed. Given their prevalence, long-term impacts on ecology and health from these particles require urgent investigation. There is an increasing total world plastic production, which was 1.7 million tons in 1950 and has increased to ~400 million tons in 2023. Excluding bioplastics, 99% of them are not biodegradable and accumulate in the ambient environment, particularly in aquatic animals. The detrimental effects on aquatic life demand immediate action and stricter regulations on plastic waste to protect marine ecosystems. Today, intensive research continues worldwide on the detection of microplastics in seawater, freshwater, sediment, foodstuffs, honey, fish, seafood, etc. Microplastics can be transmitted to humans not only through ingestion via food but also through respiratory and dermal routes. Their intake can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, geographic location, and dietary habits. Understanding exposure routes and contamination in food sources is crucial to assess risks and minimize human exposure through dietary choices. Intensive research reports confirmed that microplastics have spread to almost all human organs and have possible effects on the human digestive, endocrine, and respiratory systems. Furthermore, concentrations of microplastics in normal deceased brain samples were shown to be 7–30 times higher than those present in liver or kidney, and brain samples from dementia cases showed even higher microplastics. The purpose of this overview is to understand better the exposure, uptake, and accumulation pathways of humans to microplastics and their potential health consequences.