As emerging contaminants increasingly infiltrate aquatic ecosystems, aquatic birds are facing heightened risks due to exposure to a wide range of pollutants. This chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics, pesticides, surfactants, and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on aquatic bird species. The study highlights the complex processes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification within food webs, revealing how these contaminants can lead to severe reproductive impairments, immune dysfunctions, and neurotoxic effects. Additionally, it addresses the long-term ecological consequences, such as population declines and disruptions in ecological balance, that result from chronic exposure to these pollutants. By focusing on the specific vulnerabilities of aquatic birds, the chapter underscores the need for targeted monitoring and mitigation strategies. These strategies are essential for protecting not only the bird populations but also the integrity of the aquatic ecosystems on which they depend. The chapter also calls for further research to better understand the interactions between these contaminants and their cumulative effects on wildlife and environmental health.